Temporal Fossa

The temporal fossa is a fan-shaped space that covers the lateral surface of the skull.

Boundaries:

Superior Margin: Pair of temporal lines (Superior and inferior temporal lines) that arch from the zygomatic process of the frontal bone to the supramastoid crest of the temporal bone
Lateral Margin: Temporal fascia, a fan-shaped aponeurosis overlying the temporalis muscle
Anterior Margin: Posterior surface of the zygomatic process of the frontal bone and the frontal process of the zygomatic bone
Inferior Margin: Zygomatic arch laterally; Infratemporal crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid medially

Contents:

Temporalis muscle:
Fanshaped muscle that orginates from the superior temporal line;
Fibres converge inferiorly to form a tendon which attaches to the anterior surface of the coronoid process of the mandible;
A powerful elevator of the mandible, retracts the mandible as well.
Innervated by the deep temporal nerves and blood supplied by the deep temporal arteries and middle temporal artery

Deep Temporal Nerves:
Usually 2 in number; originates from the anterior branch of the mandibular nerve(V3) in the infratemporal fossa;
Pass superiorly, around the infratemporal crest of the sphenoid bone, deep to the temporalis muscle to innervate it

Zygomaticotemporal Nerve:
Branch of the zygomatic nerve, a branch of the maxillary nerve (V2);
Originates in the pterygopalatine fossa; Penetrates temporal fascia to supply skin of the temple

Deep Temporal Arteries:
Usually 2 in number; Originate from the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa;
Travel superiorly with the deep temporal nerves; Anastomoses with Middle temporal arteries

Middle Temporal Artery:
A branch of the superficial temporal artery; Branches out just superior to the root of the zygomatic arch; Penetrates under the temporal fascia and goes deep to temporalis muscle; Supplies temporalis muscle and anastomoses with deep temporal arteries

Source: Gray's Anatomy for Students
Contributed by John Lee